trouble-in-terror-town/node_modules/got/readme.md
Mikolaj 2bbacbea09 did some more work on networking and removed EOS in favor of LRM
did some more work on networking and removed EOS in favor of Light Reflective Mirror
2022-05-31 15:04:31 +02:00

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Markdown

<div align="center">
<br>
<br>
<img width="360" src="media/logo.svg" alt="Got">
<br>
<br>
<br>
<p align="center">Huge thanks to <a href="https://moxy.studio"><img src="https://sindresorhus.com/assets/thanks/moxy-logo.svg" width="150"></a> for sponsoring me!
</p>
<br>
<br>
</div>
> Simplified HTTP requests
[![Build Status: Linux](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/got.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/got) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/sindresorhus/got/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/sindresorhus/got?branch=master) [![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/got.svg)](https://npmjs.com/got) [![Install size](https://packagephobia.now.sh/badge?p=got)](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=got)
Got is a human-friendly and powerful HTTP request library.
It was created because the popular [`request`](https://github.com/request/request) package is bloated: [![Install size](https://packagephobia.now.sh/badge?p=request)](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=request)
Got is for Node.js. For browsers, we recommend [Ky](https://github.com/sindresorhus/ky).
## Highlights
- [Promise & stream API](#api)
- [Request cancelation](#aborting-the-request)
- [RFC compliant caching](#cache-adapters)
- [Follows redirects](#followredirect)
- [Retries on failure](#retry)
- [Progress events](#onuploadprogress-progress)
- [Handles gzip/deflate](#decompress)
- [Timeout handling](#timeout)
- [Errors with metadata](#errors)
- [JSON mode](#json)
- [WHATWG URL support](#url)
- [Hooks](#hooks)
- [Instances with custom defaults](#instances)
- [Composable](advanced-creation.md#merging-instances)
- [Electron support](#useelectronnet)
- [Used by ~2000 packages and ~500K repos](https://github.com/sindresorhus/got/network/dependents)
- Actively maintained
[Moving from Request?](migration-guides.md)
[See how Got compares to other HTTP libraries](#comparison)
## Install
```
$ npm install got
```
<a href="https://www.patreon.com/sindresorhus">
<img src="https://c5.patreon.com/external/logo/become_a_patron_button@2x.png" width="160">
</a>
## Usage
```js
const got = require('got');
(async () => {
try {
const response = await got('sindresorhus.com');
console.log(response.body);
//=> '<!doctype html> ...'
} catch (error) {
console.log(error.response.body);
//=> 'Internal server error ...'
}
})();
```
###### Streams
```js
const fs = require('fs');
const got = require('got');
got.stream('sindresorhus.com').pipe(fs.createWriteStream('index.html'));
// For POST, PUT, and PATCH methods `got.stream` returns a `stream.Writable`
fs.createReadStream('index.html').pipe(got.stream.post('sindresorhus.com'));
```
### API
It's a `GET` request by default, but can be changed by using different methods or in the `options`.
#### got(url, [options])
Returns a Promise for a [`response` object](#response) or a [stream](#streams-1) if `options.stream` is set to true.
##### url
Type: `string` `Object`
The URL to request, as a string, a [`https.request` options object](https://nodejs.org/api/https.html#https_https_request_options_callback), or a [WHATWG `URL`](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_url).
Properties from `options` will override properties in the parsed `url`.
If no protocol is specified, it will default to `https`.
##### options
Type: `Object`
Any of the [`https.request`](https://nodejs.org/api/https.html#https_https_request_options_callback) options.
###### baseUrl
Type: `string` `Object`
When specified, `url` will be prepended by `baseUrl`.<br>
If you specify an absolute URL, it will skip the `baseUrl`.
Very useful when used with `got.extend()` to create niche-specific Got instances.
Can be a string or a [WHATWG `URL`](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_url).
Slash at the end of `baseUrl` and at the beginning of the `url` argument is optional:
```js
await got('hello', {baseUrl: 'https://example.com/v1'});
//=> 'https://example.com/v1/hello'
await got('/hello', {baseUrl: 'https://example.com/v1/'});
//=> 'https://example.com/v1/hello'
await got('/hello', {baseUrl: 'https://example.com/v1'});
//=> 'https://example.com/v1/hello'
```
###### headers
Type: `Object`<br>
Default: `{}`
Request headers.
Existing headers will be overwritten. Headers set to `null` will be omitted.
###### stream
Type: `boolean`<br>
Default: `false`
Returns a `Stream` instead of a `Promise`. This is equivalent to calling `got.stream(url, [options])`.
###### body
Type: `string` `Buffer` `stream.Readable` [`form-data` instance](https://github.com/form-data/form-data)
**Note:** If you provide this option, `got.stream()` will be read-only.
The body that will be sent with a `POST` request.
If present in `options` and `options.method` is not set, `options.method` will be set to `POST`.
The `content-length` header will be automatically set if `body` is a `string` / `Buffer` / `fs.createReadStream` instance / [`form-data` instance](https://github.com/form-data/form-data), and `content-length` and `transfer-encoding` are not manually set in `options.headers`.
###### cookieJar
Type: [`tough.CookieJar` instance](https://github.com/salesforce/tough-cookie#cookiejar)
**Note:** If you provide this option, `options.headers.cookie` will be overridden.
Cookie support. You don't have to care about parsing or how to store them. [Example.](#cookies)
###### encoding
Type: `string` `null`<br>
Default: `'utf8'`
[Encoding](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_buffers_and_character_encodings) to be used on `setEncoding` of the response data. If `null`, the body is returned as a [`Buffer`](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html) (binary data).
###### form
Type: `boolean`<br>
Default: `false`
**Note:** If you provide this option, `got.stream()` will be read-only.
**Note:** `body` must be a plain object. It will be converted to a query string using [`(new URLSearchParams(object)).toString()`](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_constructor_new_urlsearchparams_obj).
If set to `true` and `Content-Type` header is not set, it will be set to `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.
###### json
Type: `boolean`<br>
Default: `false`
**Note:** If you use `got.stream()`, this option will be ignored.
**Note:** `body` must be a plain object or array and will be stringified.
If set to `true` and `Content-Type` header is not set, it will be set to `application/json`.
Parse response body with `JSON.parse` and set `accept` header to `application/json`. If used in conjunction with the `form` option, the `body` will the stringified as querystring and the response parsed as JSON.
###### query
Type: `string` `Object<string, string|number>` [`URLSearchParams`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams)
Query string that will be added to the request URL. This will override the query string in `url`.
If you need to pass in an array, you can do it using a `URLSearchParams` instance:
```js
const got = require('got');
const query = new URLSearchParams([['key', 'a'], ['key', 'b']]);
got('https://example.com', {query});
console.log(query.toString());
//=> 'key=a&key=b'
```
And if you need a different array format, you could use the [`query-string`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/query-string) package:
```js
const got = require('got');
const queryString = require('query-string');
const query = queryString.stringify({key: ['a', 'b']}, {arrayFormat: 'bracket'});
got('https://example.com', {query});
console.log(query);
//=> 'key[]=a&key[]=b'
```
###### timeout
Type: `number` `Object`
Milliseconds to wait for the server to end the response before aborting the request with [`got.TimeoutError`](#gottimeouterror) error (a.k.a. `request` property). By default, there's no timeout.
This also accepts an `object` with the following fields to constrain the duration of each phase of the request lifecycle:
- `lookup` starts when a socket is assigned and ends when the hostname has been resolved. Does not apply when using a Unix domain socket.
- `connect` starts when `lookup` completes (or when the socket is assigned if lookup does not apply to the request) and ends when the socket is connected.
- `secureConnect` starts when `connect` completes and ends when the handshaking process completes (HTTPS only).
- `socket` starts when the socket is connected. See [request.setTimeout](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_request_settimeout_timeout_callback).
- `response` starts when the request has been written to the socket and ends when the response headers are received.
- `send` starts when the socket is connected and ends with the request has been written to the socket.
- `request` starts when the request is initiated and ends when the response's end event fires.
###### retry
Type: `number` `Object`<br>
Default:
- retries: `2`
- methods: `GET` `PUT` `HEAD` `DELETE` `OPTIONS` `TRACE`
- statusCodes: [`408`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/408) [`413`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/413) [`429`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/429) [`500`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/500) [`502`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/502) [`503`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/503) [`504`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/504)
- maxRetryAfter: `undefined`
- errorCodes: `ETIMEDOUT` `ECONNRESET` `EADDRINUSE` `ECONNREFUSED` `EPIPE` `ENOTFOUND` `ENETUNREACH` `EAI_AGAIN`
An object representing `retries`, `methods`, `statusCodes`, `maxRetryAfter` and `errorCodes` fields for the time until retry, allowed methods, allowed status codes, maximum [`Retry-After`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Retry-After) time and allowed error codes.
If `maxRetryAfter` is set to `undefined`, it will use `options.timeout`.<br>
If [`Retry-After`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Retry-After) header is greater than `maxRetryAfter`, it will cancel the request.
Delays between retries counts with function `1000 * Math.pow(2, retry) + Math.random() * 100`, where `retry` is attempt number (starts from 1).
The `retries` property can be a `number` or a `function` with `retry` and `error` arguments. The function must return a delay in milliseconds (`0` return value cancels retry).
By default, it retries *only* on the specified methods, status codes, and on these network errors:
- `ETIMEDOUT`: One of the [timeout](#timeout) limits were reached.
- `ECONNRESET`: Connection was forcibly closed by a peer.
- `EADDRINUSE`: Could not bind to any free port.
- `ECONNREFUSED`: Connection was refused by the server.
- `EPIPE`: The remote side of the stream being written has been closed.
- `ENOTFOUND`: Couldn't resolve the hostname to an IP address.
- `ENETUNREACH`: No internet connection.
- `EAI_AGAIN`: DNS lookup timed out.
###### followRedirect
Type: `boolean`<br>
Default: `true`
Defines if redirect responses should be followed automatically.
Note that if a `303` is sent by the server in response to any request type (`POST`, `DELETE`, etc.), Got will automatically request the resource pointed to in the location header via `GET`. This is in accordance with [the spec](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4).
###### decompress
Type: `boolean`<br>
Default: `true`
Decompress the response automatically. This will set the `accept-encoding` header to `gzip, deflate` unless you set it yourself.
If this is disabled, a compressed response is returned as a `Buffer`. This may be useful if you want to handle decompression yourself or stream the raw compressed data.
###### cache
Type: `Object`<br>
Default: `false`
[Cache adapter instance](#cache-adapters) for storing cached data.
###### request
Type: `Function`<br>
Default: `http.request` `https.request` *(depending on the protocol)*
Custom request function. The main purpose of this is to [support HTTP2 using a wrapper](#experimental-http2-support).
###### useElectronNet
Type: `boolean`<br>
Default: `false`
When used in Electron, Got will use [`electron.net`](https://electronjs.org/docs/api/net/) instead of the Node.js `http` module. According to the Electron docs, it should be fully compatible, but it's not entirely. See [#443](https://github.com/sindresorhus/got/issues/443) and [#461](https://github.com/sindresorhus/got/issues/461).
###### throwHttpErrors
Type: `boolean`<br>
Default: `true`
Determines if a `got.HTTPError` is thrown for error responses (non-2xx status codes).
If this is disabled, requests that encounter an error status code will be resolved with the `response` instead of throwing. This may be useful if you are checking for resource availability and are expecting error responses.
###### agent
Same as the [`agent` option](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_http_request_url_options_callback) for `http.request`, but with an extra feature:
If you require different agents for different protocols, you can pass a map of agents to the `agent` option. This is necessary because a request to one protocol might redirect to another. In such a scenario, Got will switch over to the right protocol agent for you.
```js
const got = require('got');
const HttpAgent = require('agentkeepalive');
const {HttpsAgent} = HttpAgent;
got('sindresorhus.com', {
agent: {
http: new HttpAgent(),
https: new HttpsAgent()
}
});
```
###### hooks
Type: `Object<string, Function[]>`
Hooks allow modifications during the request lifecycle. Hook functions may be async and are run serially.
###### hooks.init
Type: `Function[]`<br>
Default: `[]`
Called with plain [request options](#options), right before their normalization. This is especially useful in conjunction with [`got.extend()`](#instances) and [`got.create()`](advanced-creation.md) when the input needs custom handling.
See the [Request migration guide](migration-guides.md#breaking-changes) for an example.
**Note**: This hook must be synchronous!
###### hooks.beforeRequest
Type: `Function[]`<br>
Default: `[]`
Called with [normalized](source/normalize-arguments.js) [request options](#options). Got will make no further changes to the request before it is sent. This is especially useful in conjunction with [`got.extend()`](#instances) and [`got.create()`](advanced-creation.md) when you want to create an API client that, for example, uses HMAC-signing.
See the [AWS section](#aws) for an example.
**Note:** If you modify the `body` you will need to modify the `content-length` header too, because it has already been computed and assigned.
###### hooks.beforeRedirect
Type: `Function[]`<br>
Default: `[]`
Called with [normalized](source/normalize-arguments.js) [request options](#options). Got will make no further changes to the request. This is especially useful when you want to avoid dead sites. Example:
```js
const got = require('got');
got('example.com', {
hooks: {
beforeRedirect: [
options => {
if (options.hostname === 'deadSite') {
options.hostname = 'fallbackSite';
}
}
]
}
});
```
###### hooks.beforeRetry
Type: `Function[]`<br>
Default: `[]`
Called with [normalized](source/normalize-arguments.js) [request options](#options), the error and the retry count. Got will make no further changes to the request. This is especially useful when some extra work is required before the next try. Example:
```js
const got = require('got');
got('example.com', {
hooks: {
beforeRetry: [
(options, error, retryCount) => {
if (error.statusCode === 413) { // Payload too large
options.body = getNewBody();
}
}
]
}
});
```
###### hooks.afterResponse
Type: `Function[]`<br>
Default: `[]`
Called with [response object](#response) and a retry function.
Each function should return the response. This is especially useful when you want to refresh an access token. Example:
```js
const got = require('got');
const instance = got.extend({
hooks: {
afterResponse: [
(response, retryWithMergedOptions) => {
if (response.statusCode === 401) { // Unauthorized
const updatedOptions = {
headers: {
token: getNewToken() // Refresh the access token
}
};
// Save for further requests
instance.defaults.options = got.mergeOptions(instance.defaults.options, updatedOptions);
// Make a new retry
return retryWithMergedOptions(updatedOptions);
}
// No changes otherwise
return response;
}
]
},
mutableDefaults: true
});
```
###### hooks.beforeError
Type: `Function[]`<br>
Default: `[]`
Called with an `Error` instance. The error is passed to the hook right before it's thrown. This is especially useful when you want to have more detailed errors.
**Note**: Errors thrown while normalizing input options are thrown directly and not part of this hook.
```js
const got = require('got');
got('api.github.com/some-endpoint', {
hooks: {
onError: [
error => {
const {response} = error;
if (response && response.body) {
error.name = 'GitHubError';
error.message = `${response.body.message} (${error.statusCode})`;
}
return error;
}
]
}
});
```
#### Response
The response object will typically be a [Node.js HTTP response stream](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_incomingmessage), however, if returned from the cache it will be a [response-like object](https://github.com/lukechilds/responselike) which behaves in the same way.
##### request
Type: `Object`
**Note:** This is not a [http.ClientRequest](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_clientrequest).
- `gotOptions` - The options that were set on this request.
##### body
Type: `string` `Object` *(depending on `options.json`)*
The result of the request.
##### url
Type: `string`
The request URL or the final URL after redirects.
##### requestUrl
Type: `string`
The original request URL.
##### timings
Type: `Object`
The object contains the following properties:
- `start` - Time when the request started.
- `socket` - Time when a socket was assigned to the request.
- `lookup` - Time when the DNS lookup finished.
- `connect` - Time when the socket successfully connected.
- `upload` - Time when the request finished uploading.
- `response` - Time when the request fired the `response` event.
- `end` - Time when the response fired the `end` event.
- `error` - Time when the request fired the `error` event.
- `phases`
- `wait` - `timings.socket - timings.start`
- `dns` - `timings.lookup - timings.socket`
- `tcp` - `timings.connect - timings.lookup`
- `request` - `timings.upload - timings.connect`
- `firstByte` - `timings.response - timings.upload`
- `download` - `timings.end - timings.response`
- `total` - `timings.end - timings.start` or `timings.error - timings.start`
**Note:** The time is a `number` representing the milliseconds elapsed since the UNIX epoch.
##### fromCache
Type: `boolean`
Whether the response was retrieved from the cache.
##### redirectUrls
Type: `Array`
The redirect URLs.
##### retryCount
Type: `number`
The number of times the request was retried.
#### Streams
**Note:** Progress events, redirect events and request/response events can also be used with promises.
#### got.stream(url, [options])
Sets `options.stream` to `true`.
Returns a [duplex stream](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#stream_class_stream_duplex) with additional events:
##### .on('request', request)
`request` event to get the request object of the request.
**Tip:** You can use `request` event to abort request:
```js
got.stream('github.com')
.on('request', request => setTimeout(() => request.abort(), 50));
```
##### .on('response', response)
The `response` event to get the response object of the final request.
##### .on('redirect', response, nextOptions)
The `redirect` event to get the response object of a redirect. The second argument is options for the next request to the redirect location.
##### .on('uploadProgress', progress)
##### .on('downloadProgress', progress)
Progress events for uploading (sending a request) and downloading (receiving a response). The `progress` argument is an object like:
```js
{
percent: 0.1,
transferred: 1024,
total: 10240
}
```
If it's not possible to retrieve the body size (can happen when streaming), `total` will be `null`.
```js
(async () => {
const response = await got('sindresorhus.com')
.on('downloadProgress', progress => {
// Report download progress
})
.on('uploadProgress', progress => {
// Report upload progress
});
console.log(response);
})();
```
##### .on('error', error, body, response)
The `error` event emitted in case of a protocol error (like `ENOTFOUND` etc.) or status error (4xx or 5xx). The second argument is the body of the server response in case of status error. The third argument is a response object.
#### got.get(url, [options])
#### got.post(url, [options])
#### got.put(url, [options])
#### got.patch(url, [options])
#### got.head(url, [options])
#### got.delete(url, [options])
Sets `options.method` to the method name and makes a request.
### Instances
#### got.extend([options])
Configure a new `got` instance with default `options`. The `options` are merged with the parent instance's `defaults.options` using [`got.mergeOptions`](#gotmergeoptionsparentoptions-newoptions). You can access the resolved options with the `.defaults` property on the instance.
```js
const client = got.extend({
baseUrl: 'https://example.com',
headers: {
'x-unicorn': 'rainbow'
}
});
client.get('/demo');
/* HTTP Request =>
* GET /demo HTTP/1.1
* Host: example.com
* x-unicorn: rainbow
*/
```
```js
(async () => {
const client = got.extend({
baseUrl: 'httpbin.org',
headers: {
'x-foo': 'bar'
}
});
const {headers} = (await client.get('/headers', {json: true})).body;
//=> headers['x-foo'] === 'bar'
const jsonClient = client.extend({
json: true,
headers: {
'x-baz': 'qux'
}
});
const {headers: headers2} = (await jsonClient.get('/headers')).body;
//=> headers2['x-foo'] === 'bar'
//=> headers2['x-baz'] === 'qux'
})();
```
**Tip:** Need more control over the behavior of Got? Check out the [`got.create()`](advanced-creation.md).
#### got.mergeOptions(parentOptions, newOptions)
Extends parent options. Avoid using [object spread](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_syntax#Spread_in_object_literals) as it doesn't work recursively:
```js
const a = {headers: {cat: 'meow', wolf: ['bark', 'wrrr']}};
const b = {headers: {cow: 'moo', wolf: ['auuu']}};
{...a, ...b} // => {headers: {cow: 'moo', wolf: ['auuu']}}
got.mergeOptions(a, b) // => {headers: {cat: 'meow', cow: 'moo', wolf: ['auuu']}}
```
Options are deeply merged to a new object. The value of each key is determined as follows:
- If the new property is set to `undefined`, it keeps the old one.
- If the parent property is an instance of `URL` and the new value is a `string` or `URL`, a new URL instance is created: [`new URL(new, parent)`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URL/URL#Syntax).
- If the new property is a plain `Object`:
- If the parent property is a plain `Object` too, both values are merged recursively into a new `Object`.
- Otherwise, only the new value is deeply cloned.
- If the new property is an `Array`, it overwrites the old one with a deep clone of the new property.
- Otherwise, the new value is assigned to the key.
#### got.defaults
Type: `Object`
The default Got options.
## Errors
Each error contains `host`, `hostname`, `method`, `path`, `protocol`, `url` and `gotOptions` properties to make debugging easier.
In Promise mode, the `response` is attached to the error.
#### got.CacheError
When a cache method fails, for example, if the database goes down or there's a filesystem error.
#### got.RequestError
When a request fails. Contains a `code` property with error class code, like `ECONNREFUSED`.
#### got.ReadError
When reading from response stream fails.
#### got.ParseError
When `json` option is enabled, server response code is 2xx, and `JSON.parse` fails. Includes `statusCode` and `statusMessage` properties.
#### got.HTTPError
When the server response code is not 2xx. Includes `body`, `statusCode`, `statusMessage`, and `redirectUrls` properties.
#### got.MaxRedirectsError
When the server redirects you more than ten times. Includes a `statusCode`, `statusMessage`, and `redirectUrls` property which is an array of the URLs Got was redirected to before giving up.
#### got.UnsupportedProtocolError
When given an unsupported protocol.
#### got.CancelError
When the request is aborted with `.cancel()`.
#### got.TimeoutError
When the request is aborted due to a [timeout](#timeout). Includes an `event` property.
## Aborting the request
The promise returned by Got has a [`.cancel()`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/p-cancelable) method which when called, aborts the request.
```js
(async () => {
const request = got(url, options);
// …
// In another part of the code
if (something) {
request.cancel();
}
// …
try {
await request;
} catch (error) {
if (request.isCanceled) { // Or `error instanceof got.CancelError`
// Handle cancelation
}
// Handle other errors
}
})();
```
<a name="cache-adapters"></a>
## Cache
Got implements [RFC 7234](http://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7234.html) compliant HTTP caching which works out of the box in-memory and is easily pluggable with a wide range of storage adapters. Fresh cache entries are served directly from the cache, and stale cache entries are revalidated with `If-None-Match`/`If-Modified-Since` headers. You can read more about the underlying cache behavior in the [`cacheable-request` documentation](https://github.com/lukechilds/cacheable-request).
You can use the JavaScript `Map` type as an in-memory cache:
```js
const got = require('got');
const map = new Map();
(async () => {
let response = await got('sindresorhus.com', {cache: map});
console.log(response.fromCache);
//=> false
response = await got('sindresorhus.com', {cache: map});
console.log(response.fromCache);
//=> true
})();
```
Got uses [Keyv](https://github.com/lukechilds/keyv) internally to support a wide range of storage adapters. For something more scalable you could use an [official Keyv storage adapter](https://github.com/lukechilds/keyv#official-storage-adapters):
```
$ npm install @keyv/redis
```
```js
const got = require('got');
const KeyvRedis = require('@keyv/redis');
const redis = new KeyvRedis('redis://user:pass@localhost:6379');
got('sindresorhus.com', {cache: redis});
```
Got supports anything that follows the Map API, so it's easy to write your own storage adapter or use a third-party solution.
For example, the following are all valid storage adapters:
```js
const storageAdapter = new Map();
// Or
const storageAdapter = require('./my-storage-adapter');
// Or
const QuickLRU = require('quick-lru');
const storageAdapter = new QuickLRU({maxSize: 1000});
got('sindresorhus.com', {cache: storageAdapter});
```
View the [Keyv docs](https://github.com/lukechilds/keyv) for more information on how to use storage adapters.
## Proxies
You can use the [`tunnel`](https://github.com/koichik/node-tunnel) package with the `agent` option to work with proxies:
```js
const got = require('got');
const tunnel = require('tunnel');
got('sindresorhus.com', {
agent: tunnel.httpOverHttp({
proxy: {
host: 'localhost'
}
})
});
```
Check out [`global-tunnel`](https://github.com/np-maintain/global-tunnel) if you want to configure proxy support for all HTTP/HTTPS traffic in your app.
## Cookies
You can use the [`tough-cookie`](https://github.com/salesforce/tough-cookie) package:
```js
const got = require('got');
const {CookieJar} = require('tough-cookie');
const cookieJar = new CookieJar();
cookieJar.setCookie('foo=bar', 'https://www.google.com');
got('google.com', {cookieJar});
```
## Form data
You can use the [`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data) package to create POST request with form data:
```js
const fs = require('fs');
const got = require('got');
const FormData = require('form-data');
const form = new FormData();
form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));
got.post('google.com', {
body: form
});
```
## OAuth
You can use the [`oauth-1.0a`](https://github.com/ddo/oauth-1.0a) package to create a signed OAuth request:
```js
const got = require('got');
const crypto = require('crypto');
const OAuth = require('oauth-1.0a');
const oauth = OAuth({
consumer: {
key: process.env.CONSUMER_KEY,
secret: process.env.CONSUMER_SECRET
},
signature_method: 'HMAC-SHA1',
hash_function: (baseString, key) => crypto.createHmac('sha1', key).update(baseString).digest('base64')
});
const token = {
key: process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN,
secret: process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET
};
const url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/home_timeline.json';
got(url, {
headers: oauth.toHeader(oauth.authorize({url, method: 'GET'}, token)),
json: true
});
```
## Unix Domain Sockets
Requests can also be sent via [unix domain sockets](http://serverfault.com/questions/124517/whats-the-difference-between-unix-socket-and-tcp-ip-socket). Use the following URL scheme: `PROTOCOL://unix:SOCKET:PATH`.
- `PROTOCOL` - `http` or `https` *(optional)*
- `SOCKET` - Absolute path to a unix domain socket, for example: `/var/run/docker.sock`
- `PATH` - Request path, for example: `/v2/keys`
```js
got('http://unix:/var/run/docker.sock:/containers/json');
// Or without protocol (HTTP by default)
got('unix:/var/run/docker.sock:/containers/json');
```
## AWS
Requests to AWS services need to have their headers signed. This can be accomplished by using the [`aws4`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/aws4) package. This is an example for querying an ["API Gateway"](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/api-reference/signing-requests/) with a signed request.
```js
const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
const aws4 = require('aws4');
const got = require('got');
const chain = new AWS.CredentialProviderChain();
// Create a Got instance to use relative paths and signed requests
const awsClient = got.extend({
baseUrl: 'https://<api-id>.execute-api.<api-region>.amazonaws.com/<stage>/',
hooks: {
beforeRequest: [
async options => {
const credentials = await chain.resolvePromise();
aws4.sign(options, credentials);
}
]
}
});
const response = await awsClient('endpoint/path', {
// Request-specific options
});
```
## Testing
You can test your requests by using the [`nock`](https://github.com/node-nock/nock) package to mock an endpoint:
```js
const got = require('got');
const nock = require('nock');
nock('https://sindresorhus.com')
.get('/')
.reply(200, 'Hello world!');
(async () => {
const response = await got('sindresorhus.com');
console.log(response.body);
//=> 'Hello world!'
})();
```
If you need real integration tests you can use [`create-test-server`](https://github.com/lukechilds/create-test-server):
```js
const got = require('got');
const createTestServer = require('create-test-server');
(async () => {
const server = await createTestServer();
server.get('/', 'Hello world!');
const response = await got(server.url);
console.log(response.body);
//=> 'Hello world!'
await server.close();
})();
```
## Tips
### User Agent
It's a good idea to set the `'user-agent'` header so the provider can more easily see how their resource is used. By default, it's the URL to this repo. You can omit this header by setting it to `null`.
```js
const got = require('got');
const pkg = require('./package.json');
got('sindresorhus.com', {
headers: {
'user-agent': `my-package/${pkg.version} (https://github.com/username/my-package)`
}
});
got('sindresorhus.com', {
headers: {
'user-agent': null
}
});
```
### 304 Responses
Bear in mind; if you send an `if-modified-since` header and receive a `304 Not Modified` response, the body will be empty. It's your responsibility to cache and retrieve the body contents.
### Custom endpoints
Use `got.extend()` to make it nicer to work with REST APIs. Especially if you use the `baseUrl` option.
**Note:** Not to be confused with [`got.create()`](advanced-creation.md), which has no defaults.
```js
const got = require('got');
const pkg = require('./package.json');
const custom = got.extend({
baseUrl: 'example.com',
json: true,
headers: {
'user-agent': `my-package/${pkg.version} (https://github.com/username/my-package)`
}
});
// Use `custom` exactly how you use `got`
(async () => {
const list = await custom('/v1/users/list');
})();
```
**Tip:** Need to merge some instances into a single one? Check out [`got.mergeInstances()`](advanced-creation.md#merging-instances).
### Experimental HTTP2 support
Got provides an experimental support for HTTP2 using the [`http2-wrapper`](https://github.com/szmarczak/http2-wrapper) package:
```js
const got = require('got');
const {request} = require('http2-wrapper');
const h2got = got.extend({request});
(async () => {
const {body} = await h2got('https://nghttp2.org/httpbin/headers');
console.log(body);
})();
```
## Comparison
| | `got` | [`request`][r0] | [`node-fetch`][n0] | [`axios`][a0] | [`superagent`][s0] |
|-----------------------|:--------------:|:---------------:|:------------------:|:---------------:|:--------------------:|
| HTTP/2 support | ❔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔\*\* |
| Browser support | ✖ | ✖ | ✔\* | ✔ | ✔ |
| Electron support | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ |
| Promise API | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Stream API | ✔ | ✔ | Node.js only | ✖ | ✔ |
| Request cancelation | ✔ | ✖ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| RFC compliant caching | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ |
| Cookies (out-of-box) | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ |
| Follows redirects | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Retries on failure | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ |
| Progress events | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | Browser only | ✔ |
| Handles gzip/deflate | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Advanced timeouts | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ |
| Timings | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ |
| Errors with metadata | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ |
| JSON mode | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Custom defaults | ✔ | ✔ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ |
| Composable | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ |
| Hooks | ✔ | ✖ | ✖ | ✔ | ✖ |
| Issues open | [![][gio]][g1] | [![][rio]][r1] | [![][nio]][n1] | [![][aio]][a1] | [![][sio]][s1] |
| Issues closed | [![][gic]][g2] | [![][ric]][r2] | [![][nic]][n2] | [![][aic]][a2] | [![][sic]][s2] |
| Downloads | [![][gd]][g3] | [![][rd]][r3] | [![][nd]][n3] | [![][ad]][a3] | [![][sd]][s3] |
| Coverage | [![][gc]][g4] | [![][rc]][r4] | [![][nc]][n4] | [![][ac]][a4] | unknown |
| Build | [![][gb]][g5] | [![][rb]][r5] | [![][nb]][n5] | [![][ab]][a5] | [![][sb]][s5] |
| Bugs | [![][gbg]][g6] | [![][rbg]][r6] | [![][nbg]][n6] | [![][abg]][a6] | [![][sbg]][s6] |
| Dependents | [![][gdp]][g7] | [![][rdp]][r7] | [![][ndp]][n7] | [![][adp]][a7] | [![][sdp]][s7] |
| Install size | [![][gis]][g8] | [![][ris]][r8] | [![][nis]][n8] | [![][ais]][a8] | [![][sis]][s8] |
\* It's almost API compatible with the browser `fetch` API.<br>
\*\* Need to switch the protocol manually.<br>
❔ Experimental support.
<!-- GITHUB -->
[r0]: https://github.com/request/request
[n0]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch
[a0]: https://github.com/axios/axios
[s0]: https://github.com/visionmedia/superagent
<!-- ISSUES OPEN -->
[gio]: https://badgen.net/github/open-issues/sindresorhus/got?label
[rio]: https://badgen.net/github/open-issues/request/request?label
[nio]: https://badgen.net/github/open-issues/bitinn/node-fetch?label
[aio]: https://badgen.net/github/open-issues/axios/axios?label
[sio]: https://badgen.net/github/open-issues/visionmedia/superagent?label
[g1]: https://github.com/sindresorhus/got/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc
[r1]: https://github.com/request/request/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc
[n1]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc
[a1]: https://github.com/axios/axios/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc
[s1]: https://github.com/visionmedia/superagent/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc
<!-- ISSUES CLOSED -->
[gic]: https://badgen.net/github/closed-issues/sindresorhus/got?label
[ric]: https://badgen.net/github/closed-issues/request/request?label
[nic]: https://badgen.net/github/closed-issues/bitinn/node-fetch?label
[aic]: https://badgen.net/github/closed-issues/axios/axios?label
[sic]: https://badgen.net/github/closed-issues/visionmedia/superagent?label
[g2]: https://github.com/sindresorhus/got/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed+sort%3Aupdated-desc
[r2]: https://github.com/request/request/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed+sort%3Aupdated-desc
[n2]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed+sort%3Aupdated-desc
[a2]: https://github.com/axios/axios/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed+sort%3Aupdated-desc
[s2]: https://github.com/visionmedia/superagent/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed+sort%3Aupdated-desc
<!-- DOWNLOADS -->
[gd]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/got?label
[rd]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/request?label
[nd]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/node-fetch?label
[ad]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/axios?label
[sd]: https://badgen.net/npm/dm/superagent?label
[g3]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/got
[r3]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/request
[n3]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-fetch
[a3]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/axios
[s3]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/superagent
<!-- COVERAGE -->
[gc]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/sindresorhus/got?label
[rc]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/request/request?label
[nc]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/bitinn/node-fetch?label
[ac]: https://badgen.net/coveralls/c/github/mzabriskie/axios?label
[g4]: https://coveralls.io/github/sindresorhus/got
[r4]: https://coveralls.io/github/request/request
[n4]: https://coveralls.io/github/bitinn/node-fetch
[a4]: https://coveralls.io/github/mzabriskie/axios
<!-- BUILD -->
[gb]: https://badgen.net/travis/sindresorhus/got?label
[rb]: https://badgen.net/travis/request/request?label
[nb]: https://badgen.net/travis/bitinn/node-fetch?label
[ab]: https://badgen.net/travis/axios/axios?label
[sb]: https://badgen.net/travis/visionmedia/superagent?label
[g5]: https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/got
[r5]: https://travis-ci.org/request/request
[n5]: https://travis-ci.org/bitinn/node-fetch
[a5]: https://travis-ci.org/axios/axios
[s5]: https://travis-ci.org/visionmedia/superagent
<!-- BUGS -->
[gbg]: https://badgen.net/github/label-issues/sindresorhus/got/bug/open?label
[rbg]: https://badgen.net/github/label-issues/request/request/Needs%20investigation/open?label
[nbg]: https://badgen.net/github/label-issues/bitinn/node-fetch/bug/open?label
[abg]: https://badgen.net/github/label-issues/axios/axios/bug/open?label
[sbg]: https://badgen.net/github/label-issues/visionmedia/superagent/Bug/open?label
[g6]: https://github.com/sindresorhus/got/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3Abug
[r6]: https://github.com/request/request/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3A"Needs+investigation"
[n6]: https://github.com/bitinn/node-fetch/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3Abug
[a6]: https://github.com/axios/axios/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3Abug
[s6]: https://github.com/visionmedia/superagent/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+sort%3Aupdated-desc+label%3ABug
<!-- DEPENDENTS -->
[gdp]: https://badgen.net/npm/dependents/got?label
[rdp]: https://badgen.net/npm/dependents/request?label
[ndp]: https://badgen.net/npm/dependents/node-fetch?label
[adp]: https://badgen.net/npm/dependents/axios?label
[sdp]: https://badgen.net/npm/dependents/superagent?label
[g7]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/got?activeTab=dependents
[r7]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/request?activeTab=dependents
[n7]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/node-fetch?activeTab=dependents
[a7]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/axios?activeTab=dependents
[s7]: https://www.npmjs.com/package/visionmedia?activeTab=dependents
<!-- INSTALL SIZE -->
[gis]: https://badgen.net/packagephobia/install/got?label
[ris]: https://badgen.net/packagephobia/install/request?label
[nis]: https://badgen.net/packagephobia/install/node-fetch?label
[ais]: https://badgen.net/packagephobia/install/axios?label
[sis]: https://badgen.net/packagephobia/install/superagent?label
[g8]: https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=got
[r8]: https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=request
[n8]: https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=node-fetch
[a8]: https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=axios
[s8]: https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=superagent
## Related
- [gh-got](https://github.com/sindresorhus/gh-got) - Got convenience wrapper to interact with the GitHub API
- [gl-got](https://github.com/singapore/gl-got) - Got convenience wrapper to interact with the GitLab API
- [travis-got](https://github.com/samverschueren/travis-got) - Got convenience wrapper to interact with the Travis API
- [graphql-got](https://github.com/kevva/graphql-got) - Got convenience wrapper to interact with GraphQL
- [GotQL](https://github.com/khaosdoctor/gotql) - Got convenience wrapper to interact with GraphQL using JSON-parsed queries instead of strings
## Maintainers
[![Sindre Sorhus](https://github.com/sindresorhus.png?size=100)](https://sindresorhus.com) | [![Vsevolod Strukchinsky](https://github.com/floatdrop.png?size=100)](https://github.com/floatdrop) | [![Alexander Tesfamichael](https://github.com/AlexTes.png?size=100)](https://github.com/AlexTes) | [![Luke Childs](https://github.com/lukechilds.png?size=100)](https://github.com/lukechilds) | [![Szymon Marczak](https://github.com/szmarczak.png?size=100)](https://github.com/szmarczak) | [![Brandon Smith](https://github.com/brandon93s.png?size=100)](https://github.com/brandon93s)
---|---|---|---|---|---
[Sindre Sorhus](https://sindresorhus.com) | [Vsevolod Strukchinsky](https://github.com/floatdrop) | [Alexander Tesfamichael](https://alextes.me) | [Luke Childs](https://github.com/lukechilds) | [Szymon Marczak](https://github.com/szmarczak) | [Brandon Smith](https://github.com/brandon93s)
## License
MIT